Competition for attentional resources between auditory and visual spatial cues

Thomas Koelewijn, Adelbert Bronkhorst, Jan Theeuwes
Talk
Time: 2009-06-29  03:20 PM – 03:40 PM
Last modified: 2009-06-04

Abstract


Already more then a decade ago it was shown that sound can capture our visual attention. However, there is still debate as to whether this auditory capture effect is a fully automatic process. Recent studies show that when visual endogenous attention is focused to a predefined target location sound is still able to capture attention. Because of these findings it has been argued that auditory stimuli can automatically capture visual attention. However, capture is only truly automatic when it is not only insensitive to top-down information but also to competing bottom-up information. Therefore, the current study investigated whether there is interaction between exogenous auditory and visual capture. Participants performed an orthogonal cueing task in which the visual target was preceded by peripheral visual and auditory cues (see Figure 1a). The auditory cue consisted of a white noise burst that was shortly presented through one of the speakers located at the left or right side of the computer screen. We simultaneously presented a peripheral visual cue in the form of an onset. The auditory and visual cues were independently valid or invalid with respect to the target location. In Experiment 1 the visual cue was exogenous since it was valid at chance level (50%). In Experiment 2 the visual cue was predictive since it indicated with a high probability the likely target location (validity 80%). The auditory cue was unpredictive at 50% validity in both experiments. Experiment 1 (Figure 1b) showed both auditory and visual cueing effects, which indicates that auditory capture is not prevented when a competing exogenous visual event is presented. The results of the second experiment (Figure 1c) show no auditory cueing effect. These results demonstrate that auditory capture does not occur when a predictive peripheral visual event is presented at the same time. Based on these outcomes we conclude that attentional capture by sound is not a fully automatic process.

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