MASSIVE CROSSMODAL REORGANIZATION OF FERRET AUDITORY CORTEX INDUCED BY ADULT-DEAFNESS
Brian L Allman, Leslie P Keniston, M. Alex Meredith
Poster
Time: 2009-07-01 09:00 AM – 10:30 AM
Last modified: 2009-06-04
Abstract
Crossmodal reorganization, the phenomenon whereby the responsiveness of sensory areas is converted from a deprived modality to that of an intact sensory system, commonly occurs in response to developmental lesions. Within the adult brain, however, little is known about its capacity for crossmodal remodeling of sensory representations. Therefore, the potential for cortical crossmodal reorganization was examined in ferrets deafened as adults. Seven ferrets (152±32 days old) were rendered profoundly deaf (>90 dB threshold) using a single co-administration of kanamycin and ethacrynic acid. Using standard electrophysiological techniques, recordings from adult-deafened ‘auditory’ cortex revealed an extensive conversion: neurons once activated by auditory cues were now driven by somatosensory stimulation. This effect was observed within 16 days of deafness. The crossmodal reorganization involved all subdivisions of the auditory cortex (A1, AAF, PPF, PSF and ADF) and was characterized by somatosensory neurons activated by hair-receptor inputs from bilateral receptive fields primarily on the head and face. Recordings from hearing animals indicated that subthreshold somatosensory inputs were insufficient for their unmasking, by deafness, to account for the observed conversion. Furthermore, in the adult-deafened ferrets, BDA tracer injections centered on A1 revealed no retrogradely-labeled neurons outside the normal ‘auditory’ cortical/thalamic areas. Thus, this lack of change in anatomical connectivity suggests that the crossmodal conversion may be reflective of reorganization elsewhere in the auditory pathway, such as has been demonstrated in the brainstem of hearing impaired animals. Collectively, these data demonstrate that cortical crossmodal reorganization can occur after the period of sensory system maturation has ended.